Chilblains - Chilblains are painful itchy and/or tender red or purple bumps.

Chilblains are painful itchy and/or tender red or purple bumps that occur as a
reaction to cold. The condition is also known as pernio and is a localised form of
vasculitis. Chilblains are a painful abnormal reaction of the small blood vessels in
the skin when exposed to cold temperatures. A chilblain is a small, red swelling
on the skin which can be very itchy and gradually becomes very painful.
Chilblains usually occur on the smaller toes but can occur on the finger, face and
the nose.

Causes:
The main causes of the Chilblains are below.

Abnormal reaction to cold.
Poor circulation
Outdoor work in cold conditions
If the skin is chilled and then followed by too rapid warming such as a gas fire
Damp living conditions
A familial tendency.
Peripheral vascular disease due to diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidaemia.
Poor nutrition e.g. anorexia nervosa.
Connective tissue disease ( lupus erythematosus )
Other contributing factors include dietary, hormonal imbalance and people who
suffer from anemia.

Professional treatment
Severe, ulcerating or recurring chilblains need professional attention. A qualified
podiatrist can treat your chilblains and offer advice on prevention. Your doctor can
also prescribe a corticosteroid ointment or cream. If you suffer from severe and
recurring chilblains, your doctor may prescribe a preventive drug. If you have a
pre-existing condition, such as diabetes, you must see your doctor to check the
circulation in the affected area without delay.